Behavioral Intervention Services, Inc.

Workshops

Workshops are held to assist families in developing appropriate treatment programs to meet the needs of each individual child. The length of initial workshops can vary between two and three days with the initial follow-up workshop following four-six weeks later. Any workshops following the initial follow-up workshop can be scheduled to occur every six to eight weeks. In addition to workshops, phone consultations and video reviews are provided. The initial workshop outlines the principles of ABA that comprise the foundation for the intervention. In addition, Discrete Trial Therapy (DTT) and/or Errorless Learning, the primary methods of teaching, are covered in detail. One of these methods or a combination of the two will be chosen based upon the child's needs and his/her current skill level or as preferred by the parent. Other methods of teaching, such as Applied Verbal Behavior (AVB) will also be discussed and possibly applied, as the child's needs are evaluated. As these techniques are demonstrated, strategies for managing any challenging behaviors are modeled and discussed. Strategies for helping the child learn in the natural environment will also be discussed.

Upon completion of the initial workshop, families will be given a prescribed set of programs tailored to the child's specific educational needs. If desired, a consultation report will be sent to the families within two weeks of the workshop. The consultation report reviews the programs implemented at the workshop in detail, including target items and next steps within each program.

The same consultant who provides training for the initial workshop is available to families for consultations (e-mail, phone, or video) between workshops.

Treatment Program

Description

The treatment program will vary with each child. While Applied Behavior Analysis is the intervention method, each child may benefit from different techniques, such as Discrete Trial Teaching (DTT), Applied Verbal Behavior (AVB), and Errorless Learning. The ultimate goal is Natural Environment Teaching (NET) and will be implemented gradually, as the child demonstrates readiness. Learning new skills in typical childhood environments will help the children be prepared for the goal of including them with typical same-age peers as soon as possible.

The primary emphasis of the treatment program is in developing the child's social skills by focusing on speech and language acquisition and by eliminating any challenging behaviors that may interfere with the child interacting with peers. These skills are developed by each child at variable rates of progress. The skills are attained through phases that are closely monitored and evaluated by the consultant. The phases of the therapy can be described as follows:

Beginning Phase involves teaching children to respond to basic requests (receptive language), to imitate (nonverbally and verbally), to begin to play with toys, and to interact with their families. Beginning self-help skills, such as dressing, are also taught. In addition, the child learns that cooperation with requests will result in immediate and frequent positive reinforcement.

Intermediate Phase begins once the child has mastered basic tasks. This phase involves teaching in a more natural environment and continues to focus on teaching expressive and early abstract language as well as appropriate toy play and peer interaction. More advanced self-help skills, such as toilet training, are also taught in the intermediate phase. If verbal language has not yet developed, alternative forms of communication (such as sign language or visual cues) may be implemented to serve as a bridge or supplement to the spoken language.

Advanced Phase involves teaching observational learning, joint attention, early academic tasks, socialization skills, abstract concepts, grammar, etc. Natural Environment Teaching (NET) is the primary method of teaching in the advanced phase.

Duration

The exact time a child will be in this program is not predictable prior to the inception of the program. The best indicator of outcome is how a child responds to the program in the first 3-6 months. In addition, duration is affected by the age of the child when intervention was begun, the rate of acquisition, and the quality and intensity of the program (number of hours per week).

Implementing the treatment program

One-to-one instruction is provided 4-8 hours per day, 5-7 days per week (approximately 25-40 hours per week.) A team of 3-6 adults provides the instruction. Each team member provides 4-16 hours per week. In addition, parents are strongly encouraged to provide 2-5 hours of one-to-one instruction per week, enabling them to maintain a consistent approach among all therapists spending time with their child and to generalize mastered skills to everyday environments. It is imperative to have enough people providing instruction - generalization will be limited by the lack of sufficient therapists.

Each day is divided into a few sessions. Generally, the sessions last anywhere from 2-4 hours with many breaks interspersed across the session. During a session, a specific task is worked on for about 2-5 minutes, followed by a short break (1-2 minutes) in the therapy environment. Longer breaks (10-20 minutes) are taken every hour outside of the therapy environment. The breaks provide the child with time away from structured activities as well as allowing generalization of new skills. This schedule is adjusted to meet the needs of each child and may be altered as agreed upon by the parents and the consultant.

Team Meetings

In order to ensure consistency across the program, weekly or bi-weekly meetings must be scheduled. Parents and all team members (excluding the consultant) should attend all meetings. During this time, parents are encouraged to offer suggestions, review progress, and evaluate staff. Observing each staff member working with the child or reviewing video of staff working with the child is recommended for each meeting. Parents should manage the overall program, with the guidance of the consultant, and approve all procedures and program changes implemented.

Follow-Up Consultations

We highly recommend that follow-up workshops occur on a regular basis. The initial follow-up must occur within 4-6 weeks of the first workshop. All workshops after that can be scheduled on a 6-8 week schedule or as needed. Each follow-up workshop must be scheduled prior to the consultant's departure.

Your consultant is also available for telephone consultations on a regular or "as needed" basis. You and your consultant can arrange an appointment time for a consultation. These consultations should not go over one hour of time.

Videotape consultations are also an option. These tapes should be no longer than 30 minutes in length and accompanied by any concerns or problem areas you have at the time. Your consultant will view and evaluate the tape and will conduct a phone or e-mail consultation. The time billed will include time viewing the tape, recording comments, and the time of the telephone or e-mail consultation.

Consultation Report

This is a report that summarizes all updates made during the workshop. The report will cover all programs and their next steps, when applicable. In addition, strategies to manage behavior problems, data collection procedures, and plans for follow-up will be included in the report. The initial report will be prepared free of charge.

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